Laporan/Prosiding

This document has been prepared by JMP as a contribution to the World Vision - AusAid Sanitation and Water 2008 Conference, October 27-29, 2008 in Melbourne Australia. It contains a set of drinking water and sanitation coverage estimates for South-eastern Asia and the Pacific based on the most recent JMP estimates (2006).

This document provides an assessment of the population currently using an improved drinking-water source and basic sanitation disaggregated by urban and rural areas. It details regional and country progress towards the Millenium Development Goal (MDG) target for drinking-water supply and sanitation (target 7c) in South-eastern Asia. For half of the 22 countries in the Pacific region there are insufficient data to access progress towards the MDG drinking water and sanitation targets. This report therefore includes only one page on the island states in the Pacific in addition to the individual country data provided in the back of the report.

The estimates presented in this document are drawn from data collected by national statistics offices and other relevant institutions through national censuses and nationally representatives household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and World Health Surveys among others.

Table of Contents:

Introduction

Purpose of the Snapshot

Definitions of access to drinking water and sanitation

Access to Sanitation - Basic facts and figures

Access to Drinking Water - Basic facts and figures

Access to Sanitation - the sanitation ladder

Access to Drinking Water - the drinking water ladder

Disparities in Urban and rural sanitation coverage

Disparities in Urban and rural drinking water coverage

South-eastern Asia is on track to meet the MDG sanitation target

South-eastern Asia is on track to meet the MDG drinking water target

Water and Sanitation in countries in the Pacific

JMP Methodology

Current sanitation situation at a glance

Current drinking water situation at a glance

Laporan ini merupakan laporan hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan bulan Januari 2010 kerjasama RI-UNICEF program Water and Environmental Sanitation (WES). Fokus dari laporan ini adalah garis besar rencana kegiatan kuartal I (Januari-Maret), pencapaian selama bulan Januari 2010, evaluasi, temuan penting terkait pelaksanaan kegiatan, dan informasi mengenai status keuangan kuartal 1 sampai pada akhir bulan Januari 2010.

Daftar Isi:

Daftar Isi
Daftar Tabel
Daftar Istilah dan Singkatan

1.    Latar Belakang

2.    Tujuan dan Komponen Program WES UNICEF

3.    Rencana Kerja Tahun 2010

4.    Rencana Kerja Kuartal IV Tahun 2010

5.    Pencapaian

6.    Laporan Keuangan

7.    Evaluasi

8.    Rencana Kegiatan Kuartal I Tahun 2010 (Januari - Maret)

Dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam KepMen PU 294 tahun 2005 tentang Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi BPPSPAM, maka BPPSPAM telah menyusun Pedoman Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Unit Distribusi edisi ke-2. Proses penyusunan pedoman yang dimaksud telah melalui tahapan penyusunan maupun implementasi di lapangan yang telah dilakukan pada beberapa PDAM dan mendapat sambutan positif dari tiap penyelenggara SPAM yang dimaksud (PDAM).
   
Buku pedoman ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para penyelenggara SPAM untuk melakukan upaya Pedoman Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Unit Distribusi dalam rangka melakukan efisiensi produksi yang akan berdampak positif bagi peningkatan pendapatan penyelenggaraan SPAM tersebut.

Daftar Isi:

Bab I. Operasi Reservoir
1.1 Dasar Teori Operasi Reservoir
1.2 Deskripsi Kerja Operasi Reservoir
1.3 Instruksi Kerja Operasi Reservoir

Bab II. Pemeliharaan Reservoir
2.1 Dasar Teori Pemeliharaan Reservoir
2.2 Deskripsi Kerja Pemeliharaan Reservoir
2.3 Instruksi Kerja Pemeliharaan Reservoir
2.4 Pelaporan Pemeliharaan Reservoir

Dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam KepMen PU 294 tahun 2005 tentang Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi BPPSPAM, maka BPPSPAM telah menyusun Pedoman Pengenalan SPAM (Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum) edisi ke-2. Proses penyusunan pedoman yang dimaksud telah melalui tahapan penyusunan maupun implementasi di lapangan yang telah dilakukan pada beberapa PDAM dan mendapat sambutan positif dari tiap penyelenggara SPAM yang dimaksud (PDAM).
   
Buku pedoman ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para penyelenggara SPAM untuk melakukan Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Unit Produksi dalam rangka melakukan efisiensi produksi yang akan berdampak positif bagi peningkatan pendapatan penyelenggaraan SPAM.

Daftar Isi:

Bab I. Pendahuluan
1.1    Pendahuluan
1.2    Persyaratan Kuaitas, Kuantitas Air Minum dan Kontinuitas Sumber

Bab II. Unit Air Baku
2.1 Bangunan Penangkap Sumber-sumber Air Baku

Bab III. Unit Produksi
3.1 Umum
3.2 Pengolahan Air
3.3 Persyaratan Penyediaan Air Minum
3.4 Kualitas Air Baku dan Sistem Pengolahan
3.5 Bak Pra-Sedimentasi
3.6 Tinjauan Umum Koagulasi
3.7 Tinjauan Umum Flokulasi
3.8 Tinjauan Umum Sedimentasi
3.9 Spesifikasi Sub Unit Penyaringan (Filtrasi)
3.10 Tinjauan Umum Peralatan dan Perlengkapan Pembunuhan Bahan Kimia
3.11 Tinjauan Umum Reservoir

Bab IV. Unit Distribusi
4.1 Sistem Pendistribusian
4.2 Sistem Pengaliran
4.3 Jaringan Distribusi
4.4 Perpipaan Distribusi
4.5 Hidrolika Aliran dalam Pipa

Dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam KepMen PU 294 tahun 2005 tentang Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi BPPSPAM, maka BPPSPAM telah menyusun Pedoman Penurunan Air Tak Berekening (ATR) edisi ke-2. Proses penyusunan pedoman yang dimaksud telah melalui tahapan penyusunan maupun implementasi di lapangan yang telah dilakukan pada beberapa PDAM dan mendapat sambutan positif dari tiap penyelenggara SPAM yang dimaksud (PDAM).
   
Buku pedoman ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para penyelenggara SPAM untuk melakukan upaya Penurunan Air Tak Berekening (ATR) dalam rangka melakukan efisiensi produksi yang akan berdampak positif bagi peningkatan pendapatan penyelenggaraan SPAM tersebut.

Daftar Isi:

Bab 1. Pendahuluan
1.1 Mengapa Kita Perlu Menurunkan Air Tak Berekening
1.2 Permasalahan Kehilangan Air Di Indonesia
1.3 Bagaimana Menurunkan Air Tak Berekening
1.4 Cara Lebih Mudah Menurunkan Kehilangan Air
1.5 Komitmen Manajemen dan Staf
1.6 Tinjauan Organisasi dan Kelembagaan

Bab 2. Pembentukan Tim dan Penggalangan Komitmen
2.1 Pembentukan Tim Penurunan Air Tak Berekening
2.2 Penggalangan Komitmen
2.3 Komunikasi Internal dan Eksternal

Bab 3. Penyusunan Neraca Air atau Audit Air
3.1 Audit Air
3.2 Neraca Air
3.3 Pemahaman Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum Yang Ada
3.4 Data yang Diperlukan
3.5 Menghitung Air Yang Memasuki Sistem
3.6 Konsumsi Resmi Berekening
3.7 Konsumsi Resmi Tak Berekening
3.8 Kehilangan Air Komersial
3.9 Kehilangan Air Fisik
3.10 Menghitung Air Tak Berekening

Bab 4. Merencanakan Strategi Penurunan Air Tak Berekening
4.1 Indikator Kehilangan Air
4.2 Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI)
4.3 Syarat Penurunan Air Tak Berekening
4.4 Memulai Program Penurunan Air Tak Berekening
4.5 Penanganan Kehilangan Air Komersil
4.6 Penanganan Kehilangan Air Fisik
4.7 Analisis Komponen Kehilangan Air
4.8 Analisis Penyebab Kehilangan Air dan Rencana Tindak
4.9 Analisis Biaya kehilangan Air
4.10 Tingkat Kehilangan Air yang Ekonomis
4.11 Menyusun Jadwal Rencana Kerja

Bab 5. Area Bermeter (District Metered Area-DMA)
5.1 Pendahuluan
5.2 District Meter Area DMA
5.3 Perencanaan DMA
5.4 ukuran dan Ekonomi DMA
5.5 Pengujian DMA
5.6 Pemilihan meter
5.7 Manajemen, Operasi dan Pemeliharaan DMA
5.8 Metoda-Metoda Memilih DMA untuk Deteksi Kebocoran
5.9 Prioritas dalam Pengelolaan DMA

Bab 6. Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Monitoring dan Evaluasi
6.1 Pendahuluan
6.2 Siklus Penurunan Kehilangan Air
6.3 Menetapkan Kebutuhan Sumber Daya
6.4 Kebutuhan Pelatihan
6.5 Monitoring
6.6 Evaluasi
6.7 Tindakan Koreksi
6.8 Tinjauan Manajemen

Dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam KepMen PU 294 tahun 2005 tentang Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi BPPSPAM, maka BPPSPAM telah menyusun Pedoman Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Unit Produksi edisi ke-2. Proses penyusunan pedoman yang dimaksud telah melalui tahapan penyusunan maupun implementasi di lapangan yang telah dilakukan pada beberapa PDAM dan mendapat sambutan positif dari tiap penyelenggara SPAM yang dimaksud (PDAM).
   
Buku pedoman ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para penyelenggara SPAM untuk melakukan upaya Pedoman Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Unit Produksi dalam rangka melakukan efisiensi produksi yang akan berdampak positif bagi peningkatan pendapatan penyelenggaraan SPAM tersebut.

Daftar Isi:

Bab I. Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air
1.1 Operasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air/ IPA Baja
1.2 Pemeliharaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air/ IPA Baja
1.3 Perhitungan Instalasi Unit Produksi

Bab II. Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Unit Transmisi Air Baku
2.1 Dasar Teori Pengoperasian
2.2 Deskripsi Kerja Pemeliharaan
2.3 Pelaporan
2.4 Dasar Teori Pemeliharaan Transmisi Air Baku
2.5 Deskripsi Kerja Pemeliharaan Transmisi Air Baku
2.6 Instruksi Kerja Pemeliharaan
2.7 Laporan Kerja Pemeliharaan

Bab III. Operasi Peralatan Mekanikal Elektrikal
3.1 Deskripsi Kerja Operasi Peralatan Mekanikal Elektrikal
3.2 Instruksi Kerja Operasi Peralatan Mekanikal Elektrikal
3.3 Deskripsi Kerja Pemeliharaan Peralatan Mekanikal Elektrikal
3.4 Instruksi Kerja Pemeliharaan Peralatan Mekanikal Elektrikal
3.5 Laporan Kegiatan Pemeliharaan Peralatan Mekanikal Elektrikal

Bab IV. Prosedur Standar Operasi Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Produksi

Effective disease reduction requires that the basic elements are accessible and available to audiences to practice desired hygiene behaviors; clarity and consistency are provided to audiences; audience understanding, knowledge, and ability are in place; and outside influencing factors are supporting desired hygiene behaviors. To fulfill these requirements, disease reduction programs must ensure that appropriate and crucial staff capacities are in place. This WAWI hygiene promotion (HP) capacity assessment appraised the necessary skills and capacities of each WAWI partner carrying out hygiene promotion activities.

The three necessary elements to behavior change include:

(1) access to hardware — water, sanitation and household technologies such as soap safe water containers, water, sanitation and household technologies,

(2) hygiene promotion activities — communication and training, and

(3) enabling environment — policy and others. Where these three elements overlap, maximum behavior change is possible. When the provision of all three elements begins to happen more often in the same villages, communities, and districts, the overlap increases and so does the potential for increased and sustained behavior change.

Three main components and seven sub-components were examined during this assessment utilizing self-assessment tools, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and materials review. The components and sub-components comprised: behaviour change, strategies, and resources.

Contents

About the Author Acknowledgements

Acronyms

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2. Purpose

1.3. Assessment Objectives

2. Methodology

2.1. Design

2.2. Sources, Sample Size, and Sites

3. Assessment Findings

3.1. Self-Assessment Results

3.2. Qualitative Findings

4. Strengthening Hygiene Promotion in the WAWI Partnership

4.1. Behavior Change Strategy

4.2. Steps in Behavior Change Strategy Development

4.3. Model for a WAWI Behavior Change Strategy

5. Next Steps and Recommendations

5.1. Ghana Possible Next Steps

5.2. Mali Possible Next Steps

5.3. Niger Possible Next Steps

5.4. Recommendations

Key EHP Documents for Further Reading

Annex A. Organizations Contacted

Annex B. List of Documents Reviewed

Annex C. Tally of Self-Assessment Scores

Annex D. Sample Coverage and Activities Matrix

Annex E. Possible Capacity Strengthening Program

One mandate of the USAID-funded Partners for Health Reformplus (PHRplus) in Yemen is to design pilot interventions that focus on environmental issues impacting health. An early assessment in the Thula district, in Amran governorate, identified diarrheal disease, acute respiratory infection, and parasitic diseases as major causes of child morbidity; these ailments are caused by or related to environmental factors. A household environmental knowledge, attitudes/perceptions, and practices (KAP) survey was conducted to gain a better understanding of current knowledge, beliefs, and practices of district households in relation to water, sanitation, and hygiene so that specific needs of the district’s communities may be better understood.

Survey findings indicate a serious lack of access to safe water in at least half of the surveyed communities; a frequent lack of knowledge and protective practices related to effective handwashing and sanitation measures; the existence of householder concerns about the inadequacy of community solid waste disposal practices; and indications of a general lack of awareness and information about healthy school environments and ways to improve the environments of their local schools. As a result of the findings, pilot project activities will be initiated, in cooperation with local participants, in communities identified as most in need of a targeted. A set of cost-effective interventions including hygiene promotion, cistern rehabilitation/unprotected spring management, solid waste management/recycling, and healthy schools will be made available.

Table of Contents:

Acronyms and Glossary

Acknowledgments

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

1.1 Survey background

1.2 Survey objectives

2. The Survey

2.1 Characteristics of survey and survey instrument

2.2 Pilot testing of the survey

2.3 Survey content

2.4 Survey administration and logistics

2.5 Profile of survey sample − Communities and households

2.5.1 Head of household information

3. Survey Methods

3.1 Design

3.2 Sample

4. Results

4.1 Health − Survey results on respondent reports of illness in their family and 

      community and their perceptions on preventing/avoiding diarrhea

4.1.1 Respondents with children under 5 years of age – reports of the child having

         experienced diarrhea (a) within the past 24 hours and (b) the past two weeks

4.1.2 Respondents’ reports of illnesses in any age groups that they had heard of in their

         area within the past two weeks

4.1.3 Perceptions of the causes of the recent diseases in their area

4.1.4 Householder reports of sickness ascribed to drinking or using water from locally

         available sources

4.1.5 Perceptions on preventing/avoiding diarrhea

4.2 Water − Water sources for drinking/household uses, water transport and storage

       practices, and attitudes and community practices related to local cisterns

4.2.1 Water sources

4.2.2 Availability of main source water throughout the year

4.2.3 Practices related to how water reaches the households

4.2.4 Practices related to storage and treatment of water in the household

4.2.5 Householder attitudes and community practices related to local cisterns

4.3 Sanitation – Solid waste and human waste management

4.3.1 Solid waste practices and perceptions

4.3.2 Human waste/toilets/sewage

4.3.3 Toileting practices of under 5s in the household and disposal of toddler/small child

         stools (questions H37-38 were asked about each child under 5)

4.4 Hygiene

4.4.1 Handwashing practices

4.4.2 Perceptions of the importance of washing hands and of the role of personal hygiene

         in being healthy

4.4.3 Practices regarding food preparation and storage

4.5 Healthy Schools

4.5.1 School-age children and school attendance

4.5.2 Exploring the ideas of healthy schools with the community respondents

4.5.3 Cleaning of the local school

4.5.4 How respondents describe the roles of the school, parents, students, local leaders,

         and local council in developing/maintaining a healthy school

5. Summary of Main Points

5.1 Main survey results overall

5.1.1 Findings pointing to poor water quality

5.1.2 Findings pointing to inadequate handwashing

5.1.3 Findings pointing to inadequate community solid waste and sanitation measures

5.1.4 Findings pointing to poor conditions for healthy school environments

5.1.5 Main points of survey results in individual communities

6. Recommendations

6.1 Hygiene promotion training to combat disease

6.2 Water sources

6.3 Community hygiene

6.3.1 Solid waste management

6.3.2 Healthy schools

6.4 Summary of recommended interventions

Annex A: Maps

Annex B: Tables

Annex C. Survey Questionnaire

Laporan ini merupakan laporan bulanan kegiatan Kelompok Kerja Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (Pokja AMPL) yang berisi garis besar hasil kegiatan, serta temuan penting dari kegiatan Pokja AMPL selama bulan Januari 2010. Selain itu, laporan ini juga memberikan informasi mengenai  rencana kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan pada bulan yang akan datang.

Daftar Isi:

Daftar isi
Daftar Lampiran
Daftar Tabel

A. Sekretariat Pokja AMPL
I. Administrasi
II. Pusat Informasi AMPL
III. Produk Komunikasi Pokja AMPL

B. Kelompok Kerja AMPL

C. Rencana Kegiatan Bulan Februari 2010

Program Duta Air dan Sanitasi yang merupakan program pendidikan air dan sanitasi untuk siswa-siswi di 16 (enam belas) Sekolah Dasar (SD) dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) di DKI Jakarta,hasil kerjasama Forkami dengan PT. AETRA, LP3ES, ESP-USAID, dan Johnson & Johnson. Program ini dikembangkan dengan maksud menciptakan agen-agen perubahan cilik yang nantinya akan tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi agen perubahan lingkungan terutama mengenai kelestarian sumber daya air di wilayah yang lebih luas.
   
Laporan ini merupakan kemajuan program Duta Air dan Sanitasi selama Juli 2009-April 2010, penjelasan mengenai program Duta Air dan Sanitasi, serta proposal rencana kegiatan program ini di bulan selanjutnya (Mei 2010).

Daftar Isi:

Progress Report “Program Duta Air dan Sanitasi” July 2009-April 2010
-    Background
-    Objective
-    Implemented Activities
A.    Survey of School Candidates
B.    Interviews with School Principals
C.    Selection of ‘Duta Air dan Sanitasi’ Candidates
D.    Selected Schools
E.    Signed MoU
F.    Water and Sanitation Material Assistance to Duta
G.    Water and Sanitation Jamboree
-    Training of Duta & Teachers
-    Quantitative Progress
-    Next Activities
-    Schedule

Program Duta Air dan Sanitasi
Latar Belakang
Maksud
Tujuan
Sasaran Program
Garis Besar Pelaksanaan Program
Tingkatan Status Sekolah Duta Air dan Sanitasi
Proyeksi Dampak Program
Wadah Komunitas Program Duta Air dan Sanitasi

Duta Air dan Sanitasi 2010
Tujuan
Hasil Kegiatan/ Output
Peserta Kegiatan
Institusi Lain yang Terlibat
Waktu Pelaksanaan
Lingkup Kegiatan
1.    Persiapan Program
2.    Pelatihan Duta dan Kepala Sekolah/ Guru Pendamping
3.    Pemberian Materi Belajar (Pendampingan)
4.    Jambore Air dan Sanitasi
5.    Kampanye dan Implementasi Kegiatan Duta Air dan Sanitasi di Sekolah
6.    Monitoring dan Evaluasi
7.    Penyusunan Laporan
Waktu dan Durasi Kegiatan
Alur Kegiatan
Biaya
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