Laporan/Prosiding

About two billion people living in rural areas are adversely affected by open defecation. In many countries the MIllenium Development Goal for sanitation is off track. Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a radically different approach to rural sanitation and has shown promising successes where traditional rural sanitation programmes have failed. Unlike traditional programmes, CLTS does not involve providing subsidies for individual household hardware. In CLTS, communities conduct their own analysis, come to their own conclusions, and take their own action. All gain, especially women, adolescent girls and children. CLTS is now in over 20 countries, but its spread faces obstacles. This In Focus Policy Briefing asks how can we maximize the huge potential for transforming rural sanitation that this approach offers What has worked What hinders progress What should be done

Sekitar 30% penduduk Indonesia (atau 70 juta jiwa) sama sekali belum memiliki akses terhadap sanitasi dan  19% diantaranya ada di daerah perkotaan. Akibatnya lebih dari 70% air tanah di kawasan perkotaan dan 75% sunga-sungai tercemar bakteri tinja yang mengakibatkan diare, penyebab 46 kematian dari 1000 balita per tahun. Total potensi kerugian ekonomi yang ditimbulkan mencapai Rp 58 triliun pertahun atau kurang lebih menggerus 2,3% GDP kita.
 
Saat ini, Pemerintah telah menyiapkan upaya terobosan dalam pembangunan sanitasi yang bersifat komprehensif, sistematis, dan berkelanjutan. Upaya ini adalah Program Nasional Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Perkotaan (PPSP) 2010-2014 dengan tujuan Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS), penerapan 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) secara nasional dan peningkatan TPA menjadi sanitary landfill untuk melayani 240 kawasan perkotaan. PPSP juga bertujuan mengurangi genangan air di 100 kota/ kawasan perkotaan seluas 22.500 Ha.
 
Konferensi Sanitasi Nasional (KSN) 2009 sebagai salah satu agenda nasional dalam rangkaian kegiatan pembangunan sanitasi merupakan momentum ideal untuk memperkuat sekaligus memperluas komitmen yang telah ada. Kegiatan ini merupakan ajang terbesar dan paling strategis karena akan dihadiri oleh berbagai pemangku kepentingan di tingkat pusat, provinsi, kabupaten/kota, termasuk LSM, donor, swasta, dan media.
 
Untuk menjadikan KSN 2009 sebagai momentum strategis tentu saja diperlukan high profile untuk membuka kegiatan ini sekaligus meluncurkan Program Nasional PPSP. Profil inilah yang akan menjadi parameter betapa mendesaknya penanganan sanitasi di Indonesia. Profil ini juga yang akan menggerakkan seluruh sumber daya yang ada untuk menjadikan Indonesia lebih baik melalui peningkatan layanan sanitasi.

Daftar Isi:

1. Penjelasan Singkat KSN

2. Kerangka Acuan Kerja KSN 2009

3. Susunan Acara

4. Usulan Upacara Pembukaan sekaligus Peluncuran Program Nasional PPSP

5. Panitia Penyelenggara

This field note summarizes research from two studies undertaken in rural and peri-urban areas of Cambodia; one on the demand for latrines among consumers, and the other on the supply of latrines by the private sector. It provides discussion on the opportunity to increase latrine purchase and installation via market forces, and outlines the recommended interventions on both the demand and supply dimensions of the market to achieve this.
 
There is a strong demand for latrines among the Cambodian population, yet this demand remains mostly unrealized. While there is a functioning market for latrines, it is constrained by a strong preference for unaffordable top-end designs on the consumer side, and a limited ability to supply lower cost or upgradable latrines on the supply side.
 
These weaknesses can be addressed. It has been demonstrated through Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) efforts taht the high-end design preference can be overcome and consumers will construct cheaper latrines if adequately motivated to do so.
 
The supply side needs to be strengthened to provide for the cheapest and mid-range end of the market. The components of cheaper designs are available. However, cheaper design options are not ’packaged’ in a way that is obvious or easily accessible to consumers, nor with clear pricing information, nor in a way that maps out an upgrade path starting with a lower cost initial investment.
 
Developing market strategies taht supply the required packaged information, products and services and that equally focus on demand to persuade consumers to consider alternate and more affordable options, may help turn stated demand into an actual acquisition and contribute to increased sanitation coverage in the country.

Contents:

Executive Summary

Background and Rationale

Survey Methodology

Discussion of Findings
Supply Side: The Private Sector Latrine Supply Chain
- Importers and Wholesalers
- Retailers
- Prefabricated concrete producers
- Masons

Demand Side: Latrine Consumers
- Income and latrine ownership
- Latrine preferences
- Cost perceptions and affordability
- Perceptions of consumers toward latrines – Advantages and disadvantages
- Stated reasons for purchasing or not purchasing a latrine

Opportunities for Market Facilitation
Overview
Demand-side Initiatives: Consumer Marketing
What is being communicated, and to whom
Getting the massages to the consumers

Supply-side Initiatives
Encouraging interaction between suppliers and consumers
Dissemination of market interventions

Conclusions

About the Series

Building on the ”Research on Innovative Policies, Practices and Approaches for Improved Basic Sanitation and Hygiene in Laos PDR“ completed in early 2009, SNV is exploring different appropriate sanitation approaches that can be adapted and applied in the diverse Lao context. CLTS has been identified as one potential approach for accelerating much needed rural sanitation improvements in Laos, and is thus an interesting study object for its potential for adaption and scaling-up to other parts of Laos.
 
To further the understanding of what approaches might be appropriate, SNV advisors visited different programs in Bangladesh, Cambodia and Nepal over the past year. Additionally as part of SNV’s overall support to the National Centre for Environmental Health and Water Supply (Nam Saat) at central level and two provincial units in Houaphan and Savannakhet, a CLTS exposure visit was organised to Cambodia in December 2008. During 2009, SNV’s capacity development support to Nam Saat Houaphan has focused on adapting and testing CLTS-like approaches and on developing materials and tools for its application.
 
This review primarily focuses on the results achieved to date and to a lesser extent on the implementation process. However, as the process is equally important to draw lessons from, an attempt was made to obtain a fair picture of how the pilot programme was implemented. Furthermore, the review was not designed to test any pre-specified research hypotheses. As most it aimed to generate another perspective on the adaption of CLTS approaches in acountry context in order to learn from and help in designing fiture implementation strategies.

This report is the outcome of  a review of Concern Worldwide’s CLTS pilot programme in Houaphan province in the Lao PDR, jointly undertaken by Concern Worlwide and SNV the Netherlands Development Organisation.

Table of Contents:

Acknowledgments

1. Introduction
1.1 About Concern Worldwide’s CLTS Programme
1.2 Rationale and Objectives of the review
1.3 General approach and methodology

2. Analysis and Findings
2.1 Brief description of CLTS villages
2.2 Key programme interventions
2.3 Open defecation free (ODF) status in the villages
2.4 Latrines constructed prior to CLTS trigerring
2.5 Latrines constructed after CLTS trigerring
2.6 Use and sustainability
2.7 Summary of review findings and community responses to triggering

3. Conclusions and Recommendations
3.1 Conclusions
3.2 Recommendations
3.3 Suggestions for future reviews

Annexes
Annexes 1: Overview of Concern Worldwide CLTS Village
Annexes 2: Selected villages and field research sample size
Annexes 3: Information on ethnicity in CLTS villages included in review
Annexes 4: Information on household size in CLTS villages included in review
Annexes 5: CLTS villages included in review
Annexes 6: Latrine coverage in CLTS villages included in review
Annexes 7: ODF status in CLTS villages included in review
Annexes 8: Existence of latrines prior to CLTS trigerring
Annexes 9: Latrines constructed after CLTS trigerring
Annexes 10: Investment details for latrines constructed after CLTS trigerring
Annexes 11: Summary of review findings by ethnic group
Annexes 12: Summary of review findings by district

References

The Government of Indonesia has given special attention on hygiene and sanitation by setting Open Defecation Free (ODF) and hygiene and healthy behaviour improvement in the National Mid-Term Development Planning 2004-2009 in 2009. This is inline with the Government’s commitment in achieving the targets in Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015 which is to halve the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. However, the old approach focusing on physical activity in providing sanitation facilities has not been successful to the improvement of access to sanitation and community hygiene behaviour.
 
In regards to that conditions, the Government developed Community-Based Total Sanitation (CBTS) activities which have been introduced in Indonesia since 2005 through piloting Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach in 6 districts. In Indonesia, the CLTS approach, which was initially introduced only to trigger the community to stop practicing open defecation, was then developed into five pillars of activities that was officially launched by the Minister of Health on August 22nd, 2008 in Jakarta.
 
The CBTS activities have shown a significant progress, the National Strategy for Community-Based Total Sanitation (NS-CBTS) which was established as the Minister of Health Decree No.852 of 2008, has been adopted and implemented by more than 220 districts/ cities in Indonesia.
 
This CBTS profile aims to provide progress information on CBTS activities undertaken by the central governments, district/ city governments, donor agencies and NGO, universities, etc. This report consists of five components: CBTS activities, lessons learned, constraints, recommendations, and workplan 2009.
 
The information under CBTS activities component includes: advocacy/ socialization/ facilitation, capacity building for institution and community, formulation and development of norms, standards, and guidelines, implementation of CBTS activities, and management support.

Table of Contents:

Foreword

Table of Contents

List of Abbreviation

I. Components of Activities
A. Advocacy/ socialization/ facilitation
B. capacity building for institution and community
C. formulation and development of norms, standards, and guidelines
D. implementation of CBTS activities
E. management support

II. Lessons Learned

III. Constraints

IV. Follow up Plan

Appendices
1. List of CBTS Locations
2. List of Technical Team for CBTS
3. List of CBTS Actors

We all know taht having and using a latrine is not only convenient, it also helps protect and improve teh health of families and communities. However, all data available through rural sanitation studies and surveys in Cambodia show that very few rural households actually have access to an improved latrine. Only about 16% of the rural population has access to improved sanitation according to the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (2005). Although we do not fully understand all the reasons for this, part of the explanation could be that many existing latrines are quite elaborate and expensive, giving the impression that they are unaffordable to low income families. This booklet was developed to show that a wide range of rural latrine options exist ranging from very low-cost toilets made of locally available materials to expensive ones requiring concrete, bricks and other purchased materials. In addition, latrine designs adapted for users with special needs (the elderly, disabled persons) or for use in special circumstances (flooding, high groundwater table) are also shown.
 
The different types of latrine that can be used in the rural areas are shown in the drawings, together with advantages and disadvantages for each of them. The format makes it easy to present a range of options, and to discuss preferences with villagers. Once a choice has been made, the latrine construction manual (published separately) can be used to determine detailed construction steps, dimensions, material requirements, etc.
 
This manual is really meant to be useful to anyone working on sanitation programs in Cambodia. This can mean working on raising awareness of options, and creating sanitation demand, or working on actual construction of latrines. Typical users would include community health workers, NGOs, CBOs, IOs, provincial line departments and so on. This book provides some useful tools for raising sanitation demand in Cambodia, but most of all to allow people to make an informed choice about technically feasible and affordable sanitation options.

Contents:

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I. Dry Pit Latrine

Part II. Wet Pit Latrine

Part III. Adaptations of Basic Latrine Designs

Perhaps as many as 2 billion people living in rural areas are adversely affected by open defecation (OD). Those who suffer most from lack of toilets, privacy and hygiene are women, adolescent girls, children and infants. Sanitation and hygiene in rural areas have major potential for enhancing human wellbeing and contributing to the MDGs. Approaches through hardware subsidies to individual households have been ineffective. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a revolutionary approach in which communities are facilitated to conduct their own appraisal and analysis of open defecation (OD) and take their own action to become ODF (open defecation-free).
 
In six countries where CLTS has been spread – Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Ethiopia and Kenya – approaches differ organisationally with constrasting combinations of NGOs, projects and governments.
 
Practical elements in strategies for going to scale have included: training and facilitating; starting in favourable conditions; conducting campaigns and encouraging competition; recruiting and commiting teams and full-time facilitators and trainers; organising workshops and cross-visits; supporting and sponsoring Natural Leaders and community consultants; inspiring and empowering children, youth and schools; making use of the market and promoting access to hardware; verifying and certifying ODF status; and finding and supporting champions at all levels.
 
To spread CLTS well requires continuous learning, adaption and innovation. It faces challenges. Paradigmatically, it requires major institutional, professional and personal shifts. Opposition at senior levels, pressures to disburse large budgets, demands to go to scale rapidly, and programmes to subsidies hardware for individual rural households, have been and remain threats and obstacles. Issues for review, reflection and research include: diversity, definition and principles; synergies with complementary approaches; scale, speed and quality; creative diversity; and physical , social and policy sustainability. In seeking constructive ways forward, four key themes or thrusts are: methodological development andaction learning; creative innovation and critical awareness; learning and action alliances and networks, with fast learning across communities, districts and countries; and seeking to seed self-spreading or light touch movements. A key to good spread is findng, supporting and multiplying champions, at all levels, and then vision, commitment and courage.

Contents:

Summary

Keywords and author note

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

1. Context and Background
1.1 Purpose, limitations and critical reflection
1.2 Rural sanitation: the scale of the problem and opportunity
1.3 What is CLTS
1.4 Potentials of CLTS

2. Scale and country cases
2.1 Scale and statistics
2.2 Country diversity in patterns of spread

3. Practices found effective
3.1 Train and facilitate
3.2 Start in favourable conditions
3.3 Conduct campaigns, encourage competition
3.4 Recruit and committeams and full-time facilitators
3.5 Organise workshops and cross-visits
3.6 Support Natural Leaders and community consultants
3.7 Empower children, youth and schools
3.8 Make use of the market: promote access to hardware
3.9 Verify and certify ODF status
3.10 Find, inspire and support champions

4. Obstacles
4.1 Opposition of senior people
4.2 Institutional factors: inertia, big budgets and vested interests, and rapid scaling up
4.3 Individual household hardware subsidies (IHHS)

5. Issues for review, reflection and research
5.1 Diversity, definition and principles
5.2 Synergies with otehr approaches
5.3 Scale, speed and quality
5.4 Creative diversity
5.5 Sustainability: physical, social and policy

6. For the future: innovating, learning and sharing

References

Figures, tables and boxes

CLTS (Community Led Total Sanitation) is a new approach to sanitation improvement which does not depend on hardware subsidies from external agencies. CLTS strives to promote community doalogue, analysis, and social action that lead to improved sanitation and hygiene practices using locally available resources, tapping the skills and creativity of the people. In Cambodia, CLTS was initiated in 2004 when Dr. Kamal Kar facilitated training workshops for the staff of Concern Worldwide.
 
A formative evaluation of CLTS was therefore required. It is expected that the results of this evaluation will contribute towards development of the National Strategy on Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Improvement, which will be developed in 2009. This evaluation has been conducted for the Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) with funding support from UNICEF and Plan Cambodia.
 
The evaluation had two main objectives. The first was to review the current experiences of the CLTS approach being promoted by the Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) in collaboration with UNICEF and Plan Cambodia, in terms of achievements, barriers, and opportunities for further strengthening and scaling-up. The second objective was to assess the performance of the CLTS approach in sanitation improvement according to i) sustainability, ii) equity in terms of access of the poor and vulnerable to sanitation, circumstances and behavior change among the poorest, most disadvantages and most reluctant households, iii) effectiveness in terms of promoting behavior change particularly with regard to use of latrines for defecation especially among women and children, and iv) efficiency of CLTS as a cost-effective approach to achieving improved sanitation as compared to subsidized approaches.

Contents:

Acknowledgements

Executive Summary

Background of Evaluation

Objectives, Methodology & Limitations

CLTS Approach in Cambodia
- Scope and Coverage
- Inception of CLTS in Cambodia
- Current Implementation Approach

Evaluation Findings
- Achievements/ Results of CLTS
- Equity in CLTS
- Effectiveness of CLTS
- Latrine Costs
- CLTS promote sustainability of actions to prevent and eliminate open defecation and improve sanitation in rural villages
- Emerging lessons from the CLTS experience in Cambodia
- Opportunities for scaling-up CLTS in Cambodia

Conclusions and Recommendations
- Conclusions
- Recommendations

Tujuan utama penyusunan buku panduan Pemilihan Lokasi Partisipatif (PLP) ini adalah untuk melakukan suatu pemilihan dan penilaian kawasan kerja yang dianggap paling tepat dan mewakili kondisi factual yang ada. Selain itu panduan ini juga berguna untuk memberikan gambaran pada semua pihak tentang kelebihan dan kelemahan suatu proses pemilihan lokasi kerja sehingga dapat mempermudah dalam proses pengambilan keputusan.

Buku ini terbagi menjadi lima bagian:  Bab 1 menjelaskan mengenai definisi dari pemilihan lokasi kerja partisipatif dan mengapa perlu dilakukan pendekatan partisipatif, di mana proses PLP dapat di bagi menjadi 2 tahap, yaitu: (1) analisis PLP untuk skala besar (propinsi, kabupaten, atau DAS); dan (2) analisis PLP skala detil (tingkat kecamatan, kelurahan, sub DAS, dan/atau sub-sub DAS).

Bab 2 menjelaskan penentuan kriteria dan indikator yang dipakai, serta cara pemilihan dan pembelajaran proses pertimbangan penggunaan kriteria dan tata cara penilaiannya. Secara umum ada 5 tahapan yang harus dilakukan, dengan dua tahapan utama sangat membutuhkan partisipasi aktif dari para pihak yang berkepentingan. Tahapan-tahapan yang dimaksud adalah Focus Groups Discussion (FGD), pengumpulan data, proses GIS, verifikasi lapangan dan hasil rekomendasi  bersama. Pengembangan parameter dan kriteria dimulai dengan pendekatan Focus Groups Discussion (FGD) untuk mendapatkan informasi kebutuhankebutuhan masyarakat secara umum, baik yang merupakan pemikiran, ide-ide, rancangan-rancangan maupun kegiatan yang sudah atau sedang berlangsung. Selain dari masyarakat, informasi juga digali dari para pihak tentang rencana pengembangan wilayah, potensi, kondisi sosial budaya dan ekonomi. Komponen kriteria pemilihan lokasi kerja, data dan kebutuhan survei lapangan merupakan komponen yang diputuskan dari hasil musyawarah mufakat, atau dengan kata lain sangat bergantung pada tujuan dan kebutuhan para pemangku kepentingan. Sedangkan komponen lainnya, lebih pada aktivitas teknis pengolahan data yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang yang berpengalaman dalam aplikasi GIS.

Di dalam bab 3 dikemukakan dua contoh utama dari kerja ESP di DAS Cimandiri dan Kawasan perlindungan mata air Sibolangit, sehingga para pengambil keputusan akan mampu memahami proses pemilihan lokasi dari awal hingga pada peta akhir lengkap dengan rekomendasi analisisnya.

Sementara itu, pada bab 4 mengemukakan proses analisis GIS apa saja yang harus dilakukan, sedangkan bab 5 yang menampilkan pemanfaatan perangkat lunak GIS “Free” dan “Open Source”, sebagai perangkat alternatif untuk aplikasi analisis spasial.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar

Ringkasan Eksekutif

Penulis

Daftar Isi

Pendahuluan

Proses Pemilihan Lokasi Partisipatif
2.1 Gambaran umum konsep Pemilihan Lokasi Partisipatif (PLP)
2.2 Aplikasi Pemilihan Lokasi Partisipatif Terhadap Perencanaan Pengelolaan DAS
2.3 Membangun Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi Secara Partisipatif
2.4 Proses Skoring dan Pembobotan yang Partisipatif

Pengalaman Memilih Lokasi Kerja
3.1 Pemilihan Lokasi Partisipatif di Kabupaten Sukabumi
3.1.1 Tujuan pemilihan lokasi Partisipatif
3.1.2 Proses pemilihan
3.2 Kawasan Perlindungan Mata Air Sibolangit
3.2.1 Penentuan Mata Air Prioritas di Kawasan Sibolangit
3.2.2 Proses Zonasi Kawasan Perlindungan Mata Air Prioritas

Aplikasi GIS untuk Analisis Spasial
4.1 Analisis Spasial pada pemilihan lokasi partisipatif
4.1.1 Analisis Lereng
4.1.2 Analisis Batas DAS (Daerah Aliran Sungai)
4.1.3 Analisis tutupan lahan
4.1.4 Analisis lahan kritis
4.1.5 Analisis sosial ekonomi dan demografi administrasi
4.1.6 Analisis geologi dan hidrogeologi
4.2 Proses Intersect/ overlay
4.3 Proses Penilaian (scoring)

Alternatif Analisis dengan FOSS GIS/RS
5.1 Apa FOSS GIS/ RS
5.2 Mengapa FOSS GIS/ RS
5.3 Pemilihan aplikasi FOSS GIS/ RS
5.4 Manfaat Penggunaan FOSS GIS/RS pada aplikasi PLP

Daftar Pustaka

Daftar Singkatan & Istilah

Buku Panduan Perlindungan Sumberdaya Air/Mata air ini merupakan salah satu hasil pengalaman ESP dalam melakukan kegiatan perlindungan sumberdaya air/mata air dengan metode deliniasi untuk menentukan batas-batas daerah resapan dan penentuan zona-zona guna menentukan jenis kegiatan konservasi dalam suatu wilayah tertentu.

Bab satu dalam buku ini menguraikan tentang latar belakang terjadinya degradasi sumberdaya air permukaan dan air tanah/ mata air yang diakibatkan terjadinya perubahan tata guna lahan dari kawasan daerah resapannya. Juga diuraikan mengenai beberapa upaya perbaikan yang dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan.

Bab dua diceritakan secara singkat tentang konsep siklus sumberdaya air di alam, serta gambaran singkat berbagai kegiatan yang berpotensi akan mempengaruhi siklus air. Pada

bab tiga buku ini diuraikan tentang berbagai upaya perlindungan sumberdaya air yang telah dilakukan oleh ESP di beberapa daerah. Diuraikan juga beberapa aspek penting yang dapat menentukan keberhasilan upaya perlindungan tersebut, terutama peranan masyarakat dan anggota pemangku kepentingan lainnya, serta konsep sekolah lapangan tematik yang menjadi media dalam upaya melakukan perlindungan sumberdaya air tersebut.

Dalam bab empat diuraikan salah satu konsep teknis dalam upaya perlindungan sumberdaya air, mulai dari tahapan penentuan metode deliniasi dan zonasi suatu daerah resapan sumberdaya air (baik sungai, danau, mata air, dll) serta rekomendasi kegiatan pembangunan sumur resapan untuk meningkatkan daya resap air kedalam tanah. Ditampilkan pula beberapa studi kasus kegiatan perlindungan sumberdaya air yang telah dilakukan di Sumatera Utara, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur dengan total 8 buah mata air dengan usulan lebih dari 1329 sumur resapan.

Selanjutnya, di dalam bab lima diuraikan mengenai berbagai data baik primer maupun sekunder dan informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam menentukan batasan deliniasi dan zonasi di
daerah resapan. Penggunaan GIS dalam menentukan deliniasi dan zonasi disini sangat penting dan membantu analisa data kegiatan tersebut agar mencapai hasil yang lebih baik.

Pada bab terakhir, diuraikan upaya kegiatan pengukuran dan pemantauan yang harus dilakukan untuk melihat tingkat keberhasilan dari semua upaya kegiatan perlindungan sumberdaya air.

Buku Panduan Perlindungan ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan acuan dalam kegiatan perlindungan sumberdaya air dan mata air bagi pihak terkait.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar

Ringkasan Eksekutif

Penulis

Daftar Isi

Latar Belakang
1.1 Sumberdaya Air: Dahulu dan Sekarang
1.2 Konsep Deliniasi dan Zonasi Daerah Resapan

Siklus Air dan Kondisi Sumberdaya Air
2.1 Daur Alami Sumberdaya Air
2.2 Permasalahan Sumberdaya Air
2.3 Sumberdaya Air dan Kehidupan Manusia

Perlindungan Sumberdaya Air dan Mata Air
3.1. Pentingnya Partisipasi dan Peranan Masyarakat
3.2. Aspek Penting Dalam Perlindungan SDA
3.3. Kendala Upaya Perlindungan SDA (lessons learned)
3.4. Kesinambungan Program Lanjutan (Leveraging)

Konsep Konservasi Mata Air dengan Deliniasi - Zonasi dan Sumur Resapan
4.1. Konsep Deliniasi (Penentuan Batas Daerah Resapan)
4.2. Permodelan Zonasi Kawasan
4.3. Permodelan Sumur Resapan

Data yang Dibutuhkan
5.1. Data Primer
5.2. Data Sekunder

Analisa Deliniasi dan Zonasi
6.1. Tahapan Analisa Deliniasi : Penentuan Batas Daerah Resapan
6.2. Tahapan Analisa Zonasi Daerah Resapan
6.3. Tahapan Analisa Rekomendasi Kegiatan
6.4. Tahapan Verifikasi Lapangan
6.5. Rancang Bangun Sumur Resapan
6.6. Perhitungan Tambahan dengan Sumur Resapan

Pemantauan dan Evaluasi
7.1. Pemantauan
7.2. Evaluasi

Daftar Pustaka

Daftar Istilah dan Singkatan