Laporan/Prosiding

Timbulan sampah Indonesia mengandung 70% sampah organik (biowaste). Jumlah timbulan sampah meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Akan tetapi, peningkatan jumlah timbulan sampah ini tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan lahan bagi Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA), sehingga diperlukan pengolahan yang tepat agar volume timbulan sampah yang harus dibuang ke TPA dapat berkurang.

Salah satu alternatif pengolahan biowaste yang telah diaplikasikan di Eropa yaitu Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) yang merupakan  pre-treatment. Pada penelitian ini proses biologis yang digunakan yaitu digestion pada Upflow Anaerob Fixed Bed Reactor (UAF-B) bermedia bambu dengan pertimbangan mudah dalam proses aklimatisasi dan mampu mengatasi influen limbah yang bervariasi tanpa kesalahan proses.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat kinerja dan mengetahui kondisi optimum operasi reaktor (UAF-B) bermedia dalam menyisihkan senyawa organik biowaste fasa cair skala lab dengan variasi 3  Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT).

Resume dari paper ini terdapat di ”Resume Seminar Tugas Akhir Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, ITB, 18 Agustus 2009“
 

Dalam kegiatan sehari-hari, sampah akan timbul sebagai konsekuensi dari kegiatan yang dilakukan. Sampah yang timbul jumlah dan komposisinya akan bervariasi. Sampah yang timbul di Indonesia sebagian besar terdiri dari materi organik, berkisar 70% dari total sampah yang timbul. Dalam pengolahannya, sampah organik dapat diolah dengan kondisi dimana ada kehadiran oksigen (aerob) maupun dalam kondisi tanpa kehadiran oksigen (anaerob) ataupun dengan memadukan antara perlakuan mekanis dan proses biologi. Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) merupakan salah satu bentuk proses pengolahan limbah yang menggabungkan proses mekanik dengan pengolahan biologi. Istilah MBT dapat diaplikasikan ke berbagai kombinasi mekanis penyortiran, pengeringan dan proses biologi. Perbedaan utama antara berbagai sistem MBT adalah mengenai urutan langkah-langkah dari proses dan hasil yang diperoleh, bisa dalam bentuk sampah yang stabil atau material kompos.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sampah organik (biowaste) selama proses degradasi anaerob di dalam reaktor semi-kontinu dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari variasi feeding terhadap proses degradasi.

Resume dari paper ini terdapat di ”Resume Seminar Tugas Akhir Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, ITB, 18 Agustus 2009“
 

Materi organik merupakan jumlah terbesar dari komposisi sampah kota di Indonesia, yaitu 70-80%. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) yang merupakan salah satu bentuk proses pengolahan limbah yang menggabungkan proses mekanik dengan pengolahan biologi.
  
Tujuan dari MBT adalah untuk meminimasi dampak lingkungan dari pembuangan akhir dan mendapatkan material yang dapat didaur ulang. Proses mekanik terdiri dari pemilahan, pencacahan, pencampuran, dan pemisahan, digunakan untuk menghilangkan atau menyisihkan limbah didaur ulang. Proses biologi adalah degradasi bakteri yang dapat mengurangi volume limbah dan dapat membuat limbah stabil sehingga dapat dibuang secara landfill tanpa mengeluarkan metan.
  
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati proses degradasi biowaste  fase padat dalam reaktor batch  anaerob dengan menggunakan metode MBT, mengetahui pengaruh dari air pembilas terhadap karakteristik biowaste,  dan mengetahui efisiensidegradasi secara anaerob di dalam reaktor batch.

Resume dari paper ini terdapat di ”Resume Seminar Tugas Akhir Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, ITB, 18 Agustus 2009“
 

Berdasarkan PP No.85 tahun 1999, sisa hasil kegiatan dari proses sandblasting ditetapkan sebagai limbah B3 (Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun) dari sumber spesifik. Limbah tersebut dikategorikan sebagai limbah B3 karena kandungan logam berat yang cukup tinggi dan dapat membahayakan kesehatan serta lingkungan.
  
Pengolahan limbah sandblasting yang ada saat ini tidak cukup untuk menangani timbulan yang semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan industri. Selain itu, ketersediaan lahan untuk pembuangan akhir semakin terbatas. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian mengenai potensi limbah sandblasting  untuk digunakan kembali.

Penelitian ini mengkaji potensi limbah sandblasting dalam pembuatan koagulan. Pemanfaatan limbah sandblasting sebagai koagulan dalam studi ini dilakukan dengan memansakan dan mengaduk sampel menggunakan asam klorida sebagai pelarut dan NaCl sebagai pembantu pelarut.

Resume dari paper ini terdapat di ”Resume Seminar Tugas Akhir Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, ITB, 18 Agustus 2009“
 

This book conceptualizes Integrated Flood Management (IFM) as a subset of IWRM and describes the interplay between floods and the development process. It takes look at traditional flood management options from the IFM angle and identifies the major challenges encountered by flood plain managers and decision makers before describing teh basic tenets and requirements of IFM. The concept paper is to be followed by a series of supplementary papers going into further detail about different aspects of IFM to help flood managers and decision makers implement the concept. This series of papers requires familiarity with flood management issues and the concept of IWRM.

Contents:

Summary

1. Introduction

2. Floods and the Development Process

3. Traditional Flood Management Options

4. The Challenges of Flood Management

5. Integrated Flood Management – The Concept

6. Putting Integrated Flood Management into Practice

7. End-note

Further Reading
 

Members of the donor community, U.S. government agencies, and the private sector met in November 1991 to examine the feasibility of privatizing municipal solid waste management services in developing countries. The seminar featured lessons learned from nine USAID-funded case studies as well as from the overseas experiences of U.S. waste management service companies and other donors. Key findings included the need for political commitment to implement privatization strategies, financial autonomy and accountability to insure cost-effectiveness, adoption of a comprehensive systems approach to service delivery, and the institutional capacity to manage private contractors. The seminar also offered valuable insights into the opportunities and constraints for U.S. waste management firms and manufacturers in developing country markets.

The Introduction and Lessons Learned sections of this report provide a summation of the seminar proceedings. The remainder of the report consists of the papers  or presentations issued by the seminar participants themselves. This latter section contains more detailed practical information and pertinent insights on the privatization of solid waste management services from leading experts in the field.

Contents:

Abstract

Introduction

Lessons Learned

SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS and PAPERS

- Approaches to Solid Waste Management: USAID’s Experiences in Botswana, Swaziland, Honduras, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Morocco (Frank Ohnesorgen, International City/ County Management Association)

- Lessons from a Semi-Private Enterprise in Bandung, Indonesia (Susan Hal, Harvard Business School)

- Private Provision of Solid Waste Management Services in La Paz, Bolivia (Robert Donovan, Director, Solid Waste Management, Phoenix)

- Solid Waste Management in Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Philip Roark, Associate Director, Water and Sanitation for Health Project)

- Conceptual Issues and Experiences in Developing Countries (Sandra Cointreau Levine, Consultant)

- Privatizing Waste Services in Latin America (Elizabeth Schueler, Waste Management Inc)

- Privatizing Municipal Solid Waste Services in Asia (George H. Sanderlin, Municipal Services Manager, Browning-Ferris Industries, Houston)

Contents:

Foreign aid is as much about knowledge as it is about money. Helping countries and communities generate the knowledge that they need for development is a prime role of assistance. And aid itself is a learning business that continually evolves as lessons of success and failure become clear.

Assessing Aid is a contribution to this ongoing learning process. It aims to contribute to a larger “rethinking of aid” that the international community. Research into aid, growth, and poverty reduction provides important evidence about making aid more effective.

This report summarizes the findings of recent World Bank research on aid effectiveness. The primary research has been published or will soon be published in professional journals. This report aims to disseminate the findings to a broad audience. It should be stressed that there are important aspects of development cooperation that have not been covered by the research. The report restrict itself to areas where we have new findings.

Contents:

Foreword

The Report Team

Overview _ Rethinking the Money and Ideas of Aid

1. Money Matters – In a Good Policy Environment

2. Aid Can Be the Midwife of Good Policies

3. Money Matters – In a Good Institutional Environment

4. Aid Can Be the Midwife of Good Institutions

5. Money, but More Ideas, Too

Appendixes

Selected Bibliography

The Environmental Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Supply in Urban Slums project is designed as an effort to address water and sanitation and hygiene issues in five major eastern Indonesian cities – Makassar, Ambon, Mataram, Kupang and Jayapura. All cities faced significant urbanization over the past three decades.
   
The urban slums projects contributes to reduce the incidence of water and sanitation related diseases among 70,000 people especially children and women in under-served urban slums in five cities of Eastern Indonesia by providing safe water facilities integrated with improved sanitation and promotion of good personal hygiene practices.
   
The project implementation strategies centre around six objectives: (1) to increase the provision of safe water facilities for drinking and for all domestic purposes in the project areas; (2) to increase the use of sanitary latrines among the slum dwellers of the project areas; (3) to raise the level of personal hygiene practices especially proper hand washing with soap practices among the slum dwellers of the project areas; (4) to improve the environmental condition of the slum areas through the provision of garbage disposal and drainage facilities, proper solid waste management and composting; (5) to develop a broad platform for the slum inhabitants of these five cities for the overall social and infrastructure development of the slum areas and establish in these cities to prioritize slum inhabitan’s needs through the Community Action Plans; and (6) to strengthen coordination and cooperation among the stakeholders by gathering a sense of ownership among the beneficiaries and creating accountability among the service providers for the sustainable environmental sanitation, hygiene promotion and water supply for the urban poor.

Contents:

Contents

Abbreviations/ Acronyms

Executive Summary

1.1 Background

1.2 General Criteria for Slums

1.3 Water and Environmental Sanitation Conditions of the Five Cities of Eastern Indonesia

1.4 Project Goal and Objectives

1.5 Target Group

1.6 Implementation Strategies

1.7 Project Activities
1.8 Project Management and Coordination

1.9 Monitoring and Evaluation of the Project

Annex A – Logical Framework
Annex B – Project Activity Plan
 

 This paper is made up of an Executive Summary and four chapters. In Chapter II, the economic performance through CY 2000 is assessed. After reviewing recent trends, the importance of speeding up economic recovery to avoid deepening social problems including unemployment, poverty, and debt burdens is pointed out. In chapter III, the prospects for the economy in 2001 including the likely economic recovery path are examined. In chapter IV the policy agenda needed to speed up recovery analyzed. The strategy to ensure fiscal sustainability is developed. Another key point is the importance of accelerated non-discriminatory asset sales and privatization (following clear legal procedures). These are important in their own right but should also increase market confidence as well. Finally, in Chapter V industry and agriculture development strategies are examined. Competitiveness in Indonesian traditional export industries was eroding just prior to the crisis, but has been restored and more at current levels of real depreciation. Areas for policy concentration are proposed and the history of previous interventions revealed. In agriculture and food policy short term issues in pricing policy and poverty reduction are explored. Longer-term issues on agriculture productivity and the industrial transformation as related to rural/urban migration are addressed.
 
This study was developed as background for the macroeconomic framework and key policy challenges in 2001.

Contents:

Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Boxes

Preface

Chapter I. Executive Summary

Chapter II. The State of The Recovery

Chapter III. Economic Prospects for The Year 2001

Chapter IV. Major Policy Issues in The Outlook

Chapter V. Selected Sectoral Issues

References

Manual ini disusun dalam rangka memberikan kemudahan dan pedoman bagi masyarakat dan Badan/Lembaga Pengelola Sarana Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (AMPL) dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat pengguna secara efisien, penggunaan efektif dan berkelanjutan.
 
Manual ini memuat hal-hal pokok berkaitan dengan aspek pelayanan Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan yang berbasis masyarakat, meliputi: pembentukan lembaga pengelola sarana air minum dan penyehatan lingkungan (AMPL), kelengkapan sarana organisasi, teknik penentuan harga air, pemeliharaan sarana, pembukuan keuangan dalam lembaga pengelola sarana air minum dan penyehatan lingkungan, teknik perencanaan pengembangan, dan evaluasi, teknik penilaian status lembaga pengelola sarana air minum dan penyehatan lingkungan (AMPL).

Daftar Isi:

Bab I. Pendahuluan
A. Pengantar
B. Manual Pengelolaan Sarana Air Bersih dan Penyehatan Lingkungan

Bab II. Lembaga Pengelola Sarana Air Bersih dan Penyehatan Lingkungan
A. Proses dan Tata Cara Pembentukan
B. Bentuk Organisasi Lembaga Pengelola Sarana Air Bersih dan Penyehatan Lingkungan
C. Pendanaan Lembaga Pengelola Sarana AB-PL

Bab III. Kelengkapan dan Tata Cara Penyelenggaraan Administrasi Lembaga Pengelola Sarana AB-PL
A. Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga (AD-ART)
B. Administrasi Organisasi
C. Administrasi Keuangan

Bab IV. Penentuan Harga Air
A. Pengembalian Modal Pembangunan Sarana
B. Penentuan Besarnya Beban Biaya Pemakaian Konsumen/Pengguna

Bab V. Pemeliharaan Sarana
A. Sarana Perpipaan
B. Sarana Umur
C. Mengontrol Kualitas Air

Bab VI. Perencanaan Kegiatan Lembaga Pengelola Sarana AB-PL (Perencanaan yang Terukur dan Mengarah pada Hasil)
A. Identifikasi Masalah/ Kebutuhan
B. Menyusun Skala Prioritas Masalah
C. Penentuan Gagasan Pemecahan Masalah
D. Penyusunan Rencana Kerja Terukur dan Mengarah pada Hasil
E. Penilaian Hasil Pelaksanaan Rencana Kerja

Lampiran