Laporan/Prosiding

Participatory development is an end and a means. It is an end because participation builds skills and enhances people’s capacity for action and for enriching their lives. It is a means  because participation contributes to better development policies and projects. As a development agency, the World Bank is primarily concerned with exploring how individuals, communities and public and private institutions can contribute to making development prospects better and more lasting.
 
The World Bank’s interest in participatory development is not new. Our operational experience over many years shows that projects tend to be more sustainable and yield higher returns when they involve those they are intended to help. Our operational guidelines on projects such as those involving resettlement, environmental assessment, indigenous peoples, nongovernmental organizations and project monitoring and evaluation specifically encourage borrowers and staff to consult and involve affected populations.

This report reflects the outcome of  a workshop intended to explore some of these difficult issues. The workshop was part of the ongoing search undertaken by a Bank-wide learning group on participation and supported by the Swedish International Development Authority. This book is  a guide to the learning process. The main messages of the introductory chapter reflect further thinking of the learning group since the workshop.

Contents:

1. Introduction

Part I. Participatory Development and the World Bank: Five Agency Perspectives

2. Participatory Development and the World Bank: Opportunities and Concerns

3. Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee: Promoting Popular Participation

4. International Fund for Agricultural Development: Experience with People’s Participation

5. The Swedish International Development Authority: Experience with Popular Participation

6. The United Nations Children’s Fund: Experience with People’s Participation

Part II. Summary Record of Small Group Sessions

7. Time and Money

8. Staffing

9. Working with Others

10. Outside Pressures
 

In rapidly growing developing country cities, distorted lan markets and ineffective urban land management often have resulted in the degradation of environmentally fragile land; occupation of hazard-prone areas; loss of cultural resources, open space, and prime agricultural land; and excessive urban sprawl. To prevent further degradation, governments should exert some degree of control over urban land use and development, but not unnecessarily constrain the supply of land for housing or discourage the private sector from providing affordable housing in safe locations. An important challenge is to achieve balance between urban development and environmental protection, taking into account linkages among land use, poverty, and the environment.

Balancing environmental and economic objectives requires a land management strategy that facilitates the land market and protects sensitive land and cultural resources. Implementingsuch a strategy requires mix of policies and locally appropriate instruments (regulatory, economic, property rights, acquisition, government provision of infrastructure, and information and education) to guide and motivate the behavior of actors causing land degradation problems and those responsible for managing urban land to avoid these problems. The paper presents the most promising land management approaches and instruments for protecting sensitive resources, managing hazard-prone  areas, protecting cultural resources, conserving open space, discouraging excessive urban sprawl, and managing prime agricultural land.

Contents:

Executive Summary

I. Background

II. Environmental Issues in Urban Land Use

III. Factors thet Perpetuate Land-Use Problems

IV. Need for Integrated Land Management Strategy

V. Conclusions

Annex A. Land Management Instruments for Meeting Environmental Objectives
Annex B. Related Urban Management Programme Papers

References

This report surveys of eight cities in Indonesia to ascertain the level of private-sector participation with local governments in water supply, sanitation, solid waste, and several commercial activities, such as market place construction and renovation, slaughterhouses, and parking facilities. Private-sector participation includes long-term investments in infrastructure and services delivered for immediate payment under contract. The cities surveyed were Bekasi, Surabaya, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Ujung Pandang, Bandung, Medan, and Pontianak. The tem interviewed scores of local officials, entrepreneurs, investors, and business association representatives over a six-week period. The intent was to take a “snap shot” of private-sector participation at the local-government level as it existed in late 1992.

This survey supported two efforts to assess and promote private-sector investment in Indonesia; the USAID/ Government of Indonesia Municipal Finance Project’s attempt to determine the extent of private-sector participation in the provision of urban services controlled by local governments and, the PURSE (Private Participation in Urban Services) Project’s goal of increasing private-sector investment in large capital-intensive infrastructure projects.

The report recommends physical and financial indicators that the Government of Indonesia may use to monitor changes over time in the levels of private-sector participation, and includes estimates of the current (“baseline”) values of indicators in the water supply, sanitation, and solid waste sectors.

Appendices to the report include a detailed profile of current private-sector participation in each of the eight cities and the full report from the supplementary survey, which collected data for estimating the baseline indicators.

Contents:

Executive Summary

Acronyms

1. Background
1.1 Origin of the Assignment
1.2 Purpose of the Survey
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Data Collection Methodology
1.5 Organization of the Report

2. Indonesia’s Experience with Private-Sector Participation
2.1 Overview of Private Sector Activities
2.2 Basic Findings of the Survey
2.3 Water Supply
2.4 Wastewater and Sanitation
2.5 Solid Waste
2.6 Integrated Area Development
2.7 Single Function Commercial

3. Opportunities
3.1 General Opportunities
3.2 Potential Pilot Project and Investment Areas
3.3 Opportunities in Water-Related Sectors
3.4 Opportunities for Single-Function Commercial Activities
3.5 Opportunities in Integrated Area Development

4. Constraints
4.1 The Need for Risk Sharing Arrangements
4.2 Guarantees
4.3 Financing
4.4 Setting Tariffs
4.5 Institutional Arrangements
4.6 Legal Constraints
4.7 Lack of Openness to Private-Sector Participation
4.8 Competition from Multilateral Funds
4.9 Lack of Strong Local Institutions
4.10 Conclusion

5. Indicators for Monitoring Private-Sector Participation
5.1 Monitoring Indicators
5.2 Baseline Data

6. Conclusions and Recommendations
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Recommendations

Appendix

Tables
 

Contents:

Introduction

Chapter 1. Water Sector with Private Sector Participation in France and the UK

Chapter 2. Water Sector with Private Sector Participation in Central and South America

Chapter 3. Water Sector with Private Sector Participation in Asia

Chapter 4. Private Sector Participation in Water Supply and Sewerage Services in Japan

Chapter 5. Problems and Risks of Water Supply Projects with Private Sector Participation

Chapter 6. Japan’s Assistance to Promote Water Sector Projact with Private Sector Participation

Appendix 1. Principal Features of Private Sector Arrangement in the Water Supply and Wastewater sector in

the World

Appendix 2. International Major Water Supply and Wastewater Projects with Private Sector Participation
 

The goals for international development address that most compelling of human desires – a world free of poverty and free of the misery that poverty breeds. This report focuses on seven goals, which, if achieved in the next 15 years, will improve the lives of millions of people. In words and pictures, with numbers and charts, it describes progress towards the goals, what has been achieved and the effort required to reach them.

Contents:

Foreword

Setting the goals

Poverty

Education

Gender equality

Infant and child mortality

Maternal mortality

Reproductive health

Environment

What it will take to achieve the goals

Notes and sources

Indicators for the international development goals
 

Asia has already lost 95% of its frontier forests. Most of what remains is confined to the Indonesian archipelago - and the province of Papua in Indonesia is home to the largest tract. This report exposes how these last precious forests are being illegally felled and sold off wholesale to China, which is now the largest consumer of stolen timber in the world.

The report exposes for the first time the complex web of middlemen and financiers from across the region responsible for masterminding the theft of Indonesia's forests. From the millionaire timber barons in Jakarta and the officials on their payrolls, the story traces the role of multinational companies in Malaysia, brokers in Singapore and log dealers in Hongkong.

Contents:

Introduction

Illegal Logging Crisis

Illegal Logging in Papua Provinces

International Timber Smuggling Syndicates

China-The Giant Awakens

Reccomendations

Housing Policy Debate is published quarterly by the Office of Housing Research. The goal of this publication is to stimulate thoughtful and insightful discussion on a broad range of housing issues, including housing policy, home mortgage finance, and international housing.

Housing Policy Debate is organized in three sections: Forum, Articles, and Current Issues. All articles appearing in the Forum and Articles sections have undergone a double-blind review by members of the Office of Housing Research Advisory Board and other respected scholars. The Forum section also features Comments written by leading experts in the field. Finally, the Current Issues section presents more policy discussion of current issues in housing and finance. Housing Policy Debate also publishes articles presented at the Fannie Mae Annual Housing Conference.

Contents:

Forum
- Public Shelter Admission Rates in Philadelphia and New York City: The Implications of Turnover for Sheltered Population Counts (Dennis P. Culhane, Edmund F. Dejowski, Julie Ibanez, Elizabeth Needham, & Irene Macchia)

- Comment (Martha R. Burt)

- Comment (Anna Kondratas)

- Comment (Peter H. Rossi)

Articles
- Private Finance for Social Housing in Australia (Judith Yates)

Current Issues
- The Functioning and Regulation of Escrow Accounts (Edwin S. Mills)

Buku ini menyajikan berbagai pilihan dan metode cara mengintegrasikan pendidikan hygiene dengan proyek penyediaan air dan sanitasi. Aspek-aspek yang dibahas meliputi proses perubahan perilaku; perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemantauan dan evaluasi pendidikan hygiene; pendekatan dan metode pendidikan higiene; perorganisasian program; tenaga dan biaya. Ilustrasi dan contoh-contoh digunakan untuk menunjang naskah dan gambaran menegnai situasi “kehidupan yang sesungguhnya”.

Buku ini terutama ditujukan bagi mereka yang bertanggung jawab atas pengembangan dan pelaksanaan bagian pendidikan hygiene dalam proyek penyediaan air dan sanitasi. Buku ini juga bermanfaat bagi mereka yang bertanggung jawab atas perumusan, perencanaan dan manajemen proyek penyediaan air dan sanitasi yang terintegrasi.

Daftar Isi:

Ikhtisar

Pengantar

Ucapan Terima Kasih

1. Pendahuluan

2. Mempromosikan Higiene

3. Mempebgaruhi Perilaku Hidup Sehat

4. Pembentukan Organisasional

5. Pengembangan Program

6. Meninjau Kegiatan yang Sedang Berjalan

7. Penelitian Persiapan

8. Tujuan, Sasaran dan Kelompok Sasaran

9. Pembuatan Rencana Kerja dan Pelaksanaanya

10. Komunikasi

11. Personalia dan Biaya

12. Pemantauan dan Evaluasi
 

Studi ini telah berhasil merumuskan dan menyarankan konsep kerangka kebijakan menyeluruh Pemerintah DKI Jakarta yang mencakup isu-isu yang lebih luas dan struktural mengenai program pengelolaan sampah padat masa yang akan datang, untuk jangka menengah (2005-2015).

Laporan ini merupakan hasil perbaikan konsep laporan akhir sesuai dengan masukan rapat dan hasil akhir pelaksanaan pekerjaan, yang isinya secara garis besar meliputi; hasil review master plan 1987, rangkuman permasalahan utama, pengelolaan limbah B3, pra studi kelayakan penanganan sampah pada sistem drainase di DKI Jakarta, outline plan pengelolaan persampahan DKI Jakarta, dan rencana pelaksanaan program.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar
Daftar Isi
Daftar Tabel
Daftar Gambar

Bab 1. Pendahuluan
1.1 Latar Belakang Paket Proyek DKI 3-11
1.2 Kebutuhan Kaji Ulang Master Plan
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Studi
1.4 Lingkup Pekerjaan Studi
1.5 Proses Pelaksanaan Studi
1.6 Sistematika Laporan
1.7 Laporan Penunjang

Bab 2. Kaji Ulang Master Plan 1987
2.1 Gambaran Umum Wilayah Studi
2.2 Timbulan, Komposisi, dan Karakteristik Sampah
2.3 Konsepsi Master Plan 1987
2.4 Tahap-Tahap Pelaksanaan Program
2.5 Kesimpulan dan Saran

Bab 3. Rangkuman Permasalahan Utama
3.1 Timbulan, Komposisi, dan Karakteristik Sampah
3.2 Permasalahan Aspek Teknis
3.3 Permasalahan Aspek Non Teknis
3.4 TPA Bantargebang

Bab 4. Pengelolaan Limbah B3
4.1 Identifikasi Faktor untuk Merancang Strategi dalam Pengelolaan Limbah B3 di Wilayah DKI Jakarta
4.2 Strategi dan Prioritas dalam Pengelolaan Limbah B3 di Wilayah DKI Jakarta
4.3 Kesimpulan dan Saran

Bab 5. Pra Studi Kelayakan Penanganan Sampah pada Sistem Drainase Di DKI Jakarta
5.1 Konsep Penanganan Sampah pada Sistem Drainase
5.2 Survai Sampah pada Sistem Drainase pada Daerah Studi
5.3 Rencana Tindak dan Perkiraan Biaya Penanganan Sampah pada Sistem Drainase
5.4 Pengaruh Sampah pada Banjir di DKI Jakarta
5.5 Kesimpulan dan Saran

Bab 6. Outline Plan Pengelolaan Persampahan di DKI Jakarta
6.1 Landasab Kebijakan
6.2 Pendekatan dan Strategi
6.3 Sistem Pelayanan
6.4 Kompos dan Daur Ulang
6.5 Perbaikan Bantargebang
6.6 Koordinasi dengan JWMC (Jabodetabek Waste Management Coorporation)
6.7 Aspek Keuangan
6.8 Wilayah Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu

Bab 7. Rencana Pelaksanaan Program
7.1 Penetapan Daerah Pelayanan
7.2 Tahapan Pelaksanaan
7.3 Rencana Tindak
7.4 Pembiayaan

Daftar Pustaka

Istilah dan Singkatan

Lampiran-Lampiran
Lampiran 1. Ringkasan Evaluasi Realisasi Master Plan 1987 sampai tahun 2004
Lampiran 2. Analisa Penanganan Kebersihan di Masing-Masing Kelurahan
Lampiran 3. Review Teknologi dari Konsultan CPSU
Lampiran 4. Model Rencana Kegiatan AB-PL

Pustaka ini merupakan laporan studi yang bertujuan untuk merumuskan suatu program pembangunan penyediaan air perdesaan termasuk rencana operasi dan pemeliharaannya, yang sumber airnya diambil terutama dari air tanah dan mata air di dalam wilayah propinsi NTB dan NTT, dan untuk melakukan alih teknologi kepada staf counterpart selama pelaksanaan studi. Studi ini meliputi 44 desa yang berada di dalam 12 kabupaten di wilayah NTB dan NTT.

Daftar Isi:

Peta Lokasi

Garis Besar Studi

1. Tujuan
2. Daerah Studi
3. Garis Besar Proyek-Proyek yang Diusulkan
4. Organisasi dan Sistem Pengelolaan
5. Rencana Pelaksanaan
6. Biaya Proyek
7. Evaluasi
8. Kesimpulan
9. Saran

Seminar untuk Alih Teknologi