Laporan/Prosiding

One of the principal concerns today for the deteriorating quality of water supply and sanitation services in India is the high levels of nonrevenue water (NRW)-the difference between the amount of water billed to consumers. High levels of NRW result from huge volumes of water lost through leaks or water not invoiced to consumers or both, and this seriously affects financial viability of water providers through lost revenues, increased operational costs and, eventually, increased capital costs.
 
This field note captures the core principles for the effective implementation of nonrevenue water programs through real world example of service providers implementing such programs in India and Vietnam. The case studies demonstrate that successful leakage reduction and its effective and sustainable implementation has not been a result of erratic and irregular technical exercises to reduce physical losses.

Contents:

Executive Summary

Context

Improving and Sustaining NRW Levels

Components of NRW

Addressing Each of the NRW Components Once Thay are Identified

Technical Solutions for Controlling NRW

Addressing the Institutional, Organizational, and Regulatory Arrangements for Creating a Suitable Environment for Controlling NRW

Monitoring Target NRW Levels

Conclusions

References
 

This report documents both the progress and barriers facing countries in their quest to achieve their sanitation MDG. Its purpose is to present an honest overview of the sanitation situation in the region based on 32 country assessments. The report identifies common challenges and issues across countries and discusses some possible solutions and options based on the innovations which are already taking place within the continent and elsewhere in the world. The lessons learned are important for replication and to help achieve scale and impact; these last two being crucial for MDG achievement in Africa.
 
This report likely to be a valuable resource for anyone working in the sanitation sector. It provides up-to-date comparative data for the region as well as information on strategic areas such as the national policies and institutional frameworks for sanitation within each country; financing and resources; capacity and monitoring and evaluation.
 
But this report has one other important function: to raise awareness of the state of sanitation within countries, and at regional and global levels. International and national pressure is needed to succeed; this document provides irrefutable evidence: the Africa region requires a mighty effort from all stakeholders to achieve the MDG on sanitation.

Table of Contents:

Foreword

Introduction

Executive Summary

An Overall Worrying Situation

What are we talking about
Sanitation has many dimensions
Sanitation is a complex chain of actors and operations
Sanitation is a business
The overwhelming weight of on-site sanitation in Africa

The importance of external factors
Considerable demographic growth
Rapid urbanization
Poverty
Lack of political commitment
Poor coordination
Low level of education
Lack of attractiveness of the sector

Africa is not ‘one’ sanitation situation
Fragmented institutions
Policies and strategies – only paper tigers
Local authorities and the limits of decentralization
Access: do we have a clear picture of the situation
Access: the global picture in Africa
Low Access
Slow or no progress
Huge disparities
How many countries are on track to reach the sanitation MDG
Hygiene and behavior change – the poor cousin
Financing
What is to be financed
Financing on-site sanitation
How much will it cost
Policy shift is even more important than ODA money
Looking for sanitation professionals – the capacity issue
Private sector involvement
Monitoring and evaluation

Challenges and Encouraging Perspectives
10 Challenges to meet the sanitation MDG target
Challenge 1: Push sanitation higher up the political agenda
Challenge 2: Develop sound policies and strategies
Challenge 3: Prepare sustainable action and investment plans
Challenge 4: Put local authorities in the driving seat
Challenge 5: Build sector capacity with a focus on local players
Challenge 6: Integrate hygiene and sanitation behavior change
Challenge 7: Develop sustainable financing strategies
Challenge 8: Initiate partnerships with the private sector
Challenge 9: Encourage innovation, cooperation and R&D
Challenge 10: Monitor progress and evaluate impact
Encouraging perspectives – what can inspire us
Raising political concern
Sound policies and strategies
New institutional set-ups
Innovative approaches
New financing tools

How to Push Forward the S&H Sector
A flexible tool, adapted to a large range of situations
Priority area 1: Institutional Arrangements
Priority area 2: Coordination
Priority area 3: Policy/ Strategy
Priority area 4: Financing
Priority area 5: Demand-led and Supply-fed Sanitation and Hygiene
Priority area 6: Capacity Building
Priority area 7: Devolution of Functions/ Decentralisation
Priority area 8: Measurement of Impact, Monitoring and Evaluation

Selected bibliography

Methodological note on the cost estimate
 

Target millennium yang ditetapkan secara internasional telah diadopsi secara nasional. Namun demikian, belum seluruh daerah memahami tentang apa yang harus dilakukannya. Dalam pembangunan sector air minum dan penyehatan lingkungan (AMPL) khususnya, belum seluruh daerah memahami millennium development goal (MDG), apalagi memiliki rencana dalam mencapai tujuannya.
 
Panduan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan dalam mensosialisasikan MDG di daerah. Lebih jauh lagi, daerah dapat memiliki kapasitas dalam merencanakan pencapaian target yang ditetapkan, yaitu melayani separuh penduduk yang belum memiliki pelayanan air minum dan sanitasi dasar.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar
Daftar Isi
Daftar Singkatan

Bagian 1. Sekilas Tentang Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)
Latar Belakang MDGs
Keterkaitan Air Minum dan Sanitasi terhadap Isu-Isu Pembangunan (1)
Langkah-Langkah Menuju Target MDG

Bagian 2. Air Minum dan Sanitasi Pengaruhnya terhadap Kesejahteraan Global
Penyakit akibat faktor air dan sanitasi (water born disease)
Kontribusi layanan air minum dan sanitasi terhadap kesejahteraan
Kontribusi layanan air minum dan sanitasi terhadap peningkatan status ekonomi

Bagian 3. Kilas Balik Kinerja Layanan AMPL Daerah
Batasan dan Ruang Lingkup
Berapakah cakupan air minum dan sanitasi di daerah anda saat ini dan berapa target layanan  tahun 2015
Berapakah gap (target cakupan baru) yang harus dihasilkan sampai tahun 2015
Pembelajaran hasil pembangunan air minum dan sanitasi sampai saat ini
Tantangan dan kendala pencapaian target MDGs air minum dan sanitasi
- Analisis faktor lingkungan eksternal
-  Analisis faktor lingkungan internal

Bagian 4. Cara Praktis Menghitung Kebutuhan Investasi untuk Pencapaian Target MDGs
Batasan pengertian investasi dan cost
Cara praktis menghitung biaya investasi air minum dan sanitasi

Bagian 5. Road Map (Peta Jalan) Menuju Pencapaian Target MDGs
Batasan Pengertian
Menetapkan sasaran pencapaian (milestones) pencapaian MDGs
Pilihan (pilihan) program dan kegiatan strategis untuk mencapai sasaran
Strategi pelaksanaan program dan kegiatan
Dukungan yang diperlukan setiap program dan kegiatan terpilih
Menyusun Road Map
Perbedaan Road Map MDGs Air Minum dan Sanitasi Dasar dengan Renstra AMPL Daerah

Bagian 6. Rencana Tindak Operasionalisasi Road Map MDGs Air Minum dan Sanitasi
Hasil yang ingin Dicapai
Uraian Kegiatan

Bagian 7. Tip Fasilitasi Partisipatif
Teknik presentasi dan komunikasi yang efektif
Teknik penggunaan media dalam sosialisasi
Metode fasilitasi diskusi yang partisipatif
 

This report summarizes the results of a study on the role played by CfD (Communication for Development) in water and sanitation projects and programs in Latin America based on a review of 39 case studies and on documented experiences in this field. The specific objectives were as follows:
1. Distil the lessons learned and identify factors of success, limiting factors and weaknesses, and
2. Provide data and evidence of the added value and relevance of communication for development in the water and sanitation sector.

Contents:

Foreword

1. Introduction

2. Communication, Water, and Sanitation in Latin America
2.1 The evolution of communication for development in Latn America
2.2 New trends of CfD in Latin America

3 Outcomes of the analysis
3.1  Recent trends: A unifying paradigm
3.2  Main findings

4 The contribution of communication for development to the sector in Latin America
4.1 Experiences focused on behavioral change
4.2 Communication in support of reform processes
4.3 Communication to promote civil society participation and good governance
4.4 Communication and infrastructure

5 Lessons learned and future challenges

Bibliography

Appendix
 
 

Many governments and agencies in Africa are exploring the role of ecological sanitation, or EcoSan, within their environmental sanitation and hygiene improvement programs. Despite convincing environmental and economic reasons to support this approach, acceptance of the technology has been very limited so far. This field note reviews experience in Eastern Africa and, with less detail, Southern Africa.

Contents:

Introduction

Measures of Acceptance

EcoSan Experience in Eastern Africa
- Kenya
- Ethiopia
- Uganda
- Tanzania

EcoSan Experience in Southern Africa
- Malawi
- Mozambique
- Zimbabwe
- South Africa

Summary of Findings

Program Issues

Promotion

Appropriateness

User Education

Technology

Role of Subsidies

Conclusions

References and Further Reading
 
 

Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company Limited (JUSCO), a whooly owned subsidiary of Tata Steel, was set up in August 2003 to improve  the quality of civic services in Jamshedpur. The intent has been to make it a model town with world class facilities. This initiative of converting a cost-centric service into a commercial customer-oriented company is the first of its kind in India.

This field note seeks to capture the initiative of converting a cost-centric service into a commercial and customer-oriented company. Based on its successful home operations, the private operator is also exploring options for expanding its expertise beyond its own operating areas to other interested towns and cities, while continuosly improving services in Jamshedpur.

Contents:

Executive Summary

Background

Organization of Service Delivery: Pre-JUSCO days

Creation of a Separate Utility and Supporting Institutional Arrangements

Management of Water and Sanitation/ Sewerage Services

Planning for Transition to Improved Water Services

Feedback Form

Conclusions

About The Series
 
 

Laporan ini merupakan Draft Laporan Akhir kegiatan penelitian ”Review for Private Sector Participation in Water and Sanitation in Indonesia With A Particular Emphasis On Review on Drinking Water Supply With and Without Public-Private Partnership Scheme in Indonesia“. Draft laporan akhir ini telah menyajikan secara komparatif data/informasi kinerja PDAM Tirta Pakuan dan PT. Adhya Tirta Batam disertai dengan analisisnya.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar
Daftar Isi
Daftar Gambar
Daftar Tabel
Daftar Lampiran
Daftar Singkatan

Bab I. Pendahuluan
1.1 Latar Belakang
1.2  Tujuan Penelitian
1.3 Batasan dan Lingkup Penelitian
1.4 Lokasi Studi Kasus

Bab II. Pendekatan Studi dan Metodologi
2.1 Pengumpulan Data dan Metoda
2.2 Indikator-Indikator Kinerja
2.3 Pendekatan dalam Review Kinerja

Bab III. Kinerja PDAM Tirta Pakuan vs ATB
3.1 Aspek Teknis
3.2 Aspek Pelayanan Pelanggan
3.3 Aspek Keuangan
3.4 Aspek Pengelolaan Usaha
3.5 Aspek Sumberdaya Manusia
3.6 Aspek Akses Masyarakat Miskin

Bab IV. Review Kinerja dengan atau tanpa KPS
4.1 Perluasan Pelayanan
4.2 Efisiensi
4.3 Kualitas Pelayanan
4.4 Argumen-argumen ”Kekhawatiran” terhadap KPS
4.5 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja

Bab V. Kesimpulan
 
 

Lokakarya pelaksanaan kebijakan nasional AMPL Berbasis Masyarakat di daerah pada tahun 2009 dilaksanakan sebagai forum koordinasi dan penguatan kapasitas bagi Kelompok Kerja AMPL Daerah. Tema penguatan kapasitas melalui lokakarya ini adalah menuju pencapaian target MDG bidang air minum dan sanitasi dasar di daerah. Tema ini diangkat sebagai bagian dari upaya meningkatkan dan optimalisasi fungsi dan peran Kelompok Kerja AMPL di daerah.
 
Lokakarya diselenggarakan melalui proses partisipatif dibuka oleh Direktur Permukiman dan Perumahan Bappenas diwakili oleh Nugroho Tri Utomo dengan memberikan pesan secara khusus pentingnya pengarusutamaan program Kelompok Kerja AMPL daerah ke dalam upaya daerah dalam pemenuhan layanan AMPL.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar

Daftar Isi

1. Umum

2. Peserta Lokakarya

3. Agenda

4. Pelaksanaan Lokakarya
4.1 Pembukaan
4.2 Memahami Kembali Kebijakan Nasional AMPL Berbasis Masyarakat
4.3 Review Progress Kinerja Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Di Daerah

5. Diseminasi Panduan Komunikasi Millenium Development Goals
5.1 Memahami Millenium Development Goal
5.2 Cakupan Data AMPL dan Estimasi Target Tahun 2015
5.3 Cara Praktis Menghitung Kebutuhan Investasi AMPL
5.4 Road Map (Peta jalan) Pembangunan AMPL Di Daerah

6. Pokok-Pokok Hasil Lokakarya
6.1 Pokok-Pokok Hasil Lokakarya
6.2 Rekomendasi

7. Lampiran
 
 

Lokakarya pelaksanaan kebijakan nasional AMPL Berbasis Masyarakat di daerah pada tahun 2009 dilaksanakan sebagai forum koordinasi dan penguatan kapasitas bagi Kelompok Kerja AMPL Daerah. Tema penguatan kapasitas melalui lokakarya ini adalah menuju pencapaian target MDG bidang air minum dan sanitasi dasar di daerah. Tema ini diangkat sebagai bagian dari upaya meningkatkan dan optimalisasi fungsi dan peran Kelompok Kerja AMPL di daerah.
 
Lokakarya diselenggarakan melalui proses partisipatif dibuka oleh Direktur Permukiman dan Perumahan Bappenas diwakili oleh Nugroho Tri Utomo dengan memberikan pesan secara khusus pentingnya pengarusutamaan program Kelompok Kerja AMPL daerah ke dalam upaya daerah dalam pemenuhan layanan AMPL.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar

Daftar Isi

1. Pendahuluan
1.1 Umum
1.2 Peserta Lokakarya
1.3 Agenda

2. Pelaksanaan Lokakarya
2.1 Pembukaan
2.2 Memahami Kembali Kebijakan Nasional AMPL Berbasis Masyarakat
2.3 Review Progress Kinerja Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Di Daerah

3. Diseminasi Panduan Komunikasi Millenium Development Goals
3.1 Memahami Millenium Development Goal
3.2 Cakupan Data AMPL dan Estimasi Target Tahun 2015
3.3 Cara Praktis Menghitung Kebutuhan Investasi AMPL
3.4 Road Map (Peta jalan) Pembangunan AMPL Di Daerah

4. Pokok-Pokok Hasil Lokakarya

5. Rekomendasi
5.1 Rekomendasi untuk Pemerintah Daerah
5.2 Rekomendasi untuk Pemerintah Pusat

6. Lampiran
 
 

Buku panduan pengelolaan data AMPL ini berisi tentang panduan bagaimana melakukan fasilitasi pengelolaan data AMPL dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja pembangunan AMPL. Dengan adanya panduan ini, diharapkan mendapat kejelasan dalam tata cara melakukan pengelolaan data AMPL.
 
Buku panduan ini dapat digunakan oleh berbagai pihak sesuai kebutuhan, baik pemerintah kabupaten/kota yang menyelenggarakan kegiatan pelaksanaan kebijakan, pemerintah propinsi yang menyelenggarakan kegiatan pelaksanaan kebijakan di tingkat propinsi, maupun dalam mendukung kegiatan pelaksanaan kebijakan di kabupaten/kota. Juga dapat pula digunakan oleh pemerintah pusat atau stakeholder lain dalam mendukung kegiatan pelaksanaan kebijakan AMPL BM.
 
Buku panduan ini terdiri dari tiga bagian. Bagian 1: Panduan lokakarya data AMPL tingkat kabupaten. Bagian 2: Panduan pengumpulan data AMPL. Bagian 3: Panduan pengolahan dan publikasi data.

Daftar Isi:

Kata Pengantar
Daftar Isi

Bagian I. Panduan Lokakarya Pengelolaan Data Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan di Daerah

A. Pendahuluan
1. Latar Belakang
2. Maksud dan Tujuan
3. Keluaran
4. Metodologi
5. Bahan
6. Durasi
7. Peserta

B. Proses Lokakarya Pengelolaan Data AMPL di Daerah
1. Pembukaan dan Pengantar Lokakarya
2. Memahami Pengelolaan Data AMPL saat ini
3. Identifikasi Kebutuhan Pengelolaan Data AMPL
4. Membahas dan Menyepakati Pengelolaan Data AMPL
5. Implementasi Pengelolaan Data AMPL di Daerah
6. Penutupan

Bagian II. Panduan Pengumpulan Data AMPL Daerah
2.1 Latar Belakang
2.2 Tujuan
2.3 Kondisi Data dan Pendataan AMPL di Daerah
 2.3.1 Aktor
 2.3.2 Jenis Data
 2.3.3 Kuesioner
 2.3.4 Mekanisme Pengumpulan Data

Bagian III. Panduan Pengolahan dan Publikasi Data
3.1 Pengolahan Data
 3.1.1 Latar Belakang
 3.1.2 Receiving dan Batching
 3.1.3 Editing dan Coding
 3.1.4 Merancang Program Data Entry
3.2 Analisis Data
 3.2.1 Latar Belakang
 3.2.2 Penyajian Data
3.3 Diseminasi Data
 3.3.1 Media Penyajian
 3.3.2 Cakupan Penyajian
 3.3.3 Cara Diseminasi