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Appropriate Sanitation Alternatives A Planning and Design Manual (World Bank Studies in Water Supply and Sanitation 2)
John M. Kalbermatten, DeAnne S.Julius, Charles G. Gunnerson, D.Duncan Mara
Washington DC, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, 1982, xiii + 161 hal
06 Juli 2009
628.1
underdeveloped areas - sanitary engineering
Perpustakaan AMPL, Telp. 021-31904113
812 kali
The United Nations has designated the 1980s as the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanittaion Decade. Its goal is to provide two of the most fundamental human needs – safe water and sanitary disposal of human wastes-to all people. Since 1976, Bank staff and researchers from various countries have been analyzing the economic, environmental, health, and sociological effects of various technologies to identify the most appropriate systems for the needs and resources of different areas. The research has included field investigations in nineteen countries.
This manual presents the latest field results of the research, summarizes selected portions of other publications on sanitation program planning, and describes the engineering details of alternative sanitation technologies and how they can be upgraded. The guidelines, procedures, and technologies are based on the World Bank’s own research in nineteen countries. The twenty two chapters are divided into three parts; socioeconomic aspects of sanitation program planning, sanitation program planning, and sanitation technology options. The manual is extensively illustrated with technical diagrams of the recommended sanitation systems and their components.
Contents:
Foreword
Preface
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1. An Overview
Part One. Socioeconomic Aspects of Sanitation Program Planning
2. Health Aspects of Sanitation
3. Community Participation
4. Economic Analysis of Sanitation
Part Two. Sanitation Program Planning
5. Comparison of Sanitation Technologies
6. Selection of Sanitation Technologies
7. Sanitation Upgrading Sequences
Part Three. Sanitation Technology Options
8. Latrine and Toilet Superstructures
9. Latrine and Toilet Fixtures
10. VIP Latrines
11. Composting Toilets
12. PF Toilets
13. Aquaprivies
14. Septic Tanks, Soakaways, and Drainfields
15. Conventional Sewerage
16. Small-bore Sewers
17. Bucket Latrines
18. Vault and Cartage Systems
19. Communal Sanitation Facilities
20. Disposal and Treatment of Sullage
21. Off-site Treatment
22. Resource Recovery
Bibliography