Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives: Drinking Water Treatment

Small drinking water systems face a difficult challenge; to provide a
safe, sufficient supply of water at a reasonable cost. This document
provides information for small system owners, operators, managers, and
local decision makers, such as town officials, regarding drinking
water treatment requirements and the treatment technologies suitable
for small systems. This manual is designed to give an overview of the
problems a small system may face, treatment options that are available
to solve specific problems, and resources that can provide further
information and assistance. Chapter 1 discusses why we need drinking
water treatment and gives an overview of drinking water treatment
processes. Chapter 2 provides a summary of existing and new federal
drinking water regulations and explains how these regulations affect
small systems. Chapter 3 provides an overview of how to select
drinking water treatment technologies and discusses special management
issues for small systems. Chapters 4 through 7 describe technologies
that can enable small systems to meet federal drinking water
regulations covering filtration, disinfection, removal of organic and
inorganic contaminants, and corrosion control. These chapters describe
established technologies, which are commonly used in the water
treatment industry. They also describe several emerging technologies
suitable for small systems. These technologies have not been widely
used, but have proven effective on the pilot scale and are emerging as
viable full-scale options for treating water supplies. Chapter 8 lists
organizations, publications, and other resources that can assist small
systems in their efforts to provide safe drinking water to consumers.

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