Why Do Differences in Provincial Incomes Persist in Indonesia?

Indonesia’s economic and social policies, rather than good luck, contributed to the increase in provincial incomes over the past 20 years and the decrease during that time period in provincial income inequities.
 
Prudent economic management enabled the country and its provinces to grow. Resources from the oil sector allowed the government to improve the nation’s physical and social infrastructure and to reduce the differences in provincial incomes and consumption. Yet, disparities in personal and regional incomes persist.
 
Why do differences in provincial incomes persist This paper try to answer that question by studying what makes provinces grow, what makes provinces have different incomes per capita, and what caused the differences in provincial incomes over the last 20 years.